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Used coolant storage and disposal: EPA used oil rules for machine shops

Spent cutting oils that meet the federal definition of used oil fall under the EPA used oil standards in 40 CFR Part 279. This page covers the generator rules shops meet most often.

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Answers are written by a language model solely from this base's documents, with numbered sources. They can be wrong and aren't legal, medical or financial advice: check the sources before any important decision.

Storage at the shop

Containers and aboveground tanks holding used oil must be clearly labeled or marked with the words "Used Oil", and so must fill pipes to underground tanks. They must be in good condition (no severe rust or structural defects) and not leaking.

Used oil may only be stored in tanks and containers, or in units permitted for hazardous waste. Storage in unpermitted lagoons, pits or surface impoundments is prohibited.

Mixing, spills and transport

EPA advises storing used oil separately from solvents and chemicals and not mixing it with anything, since mixing with hazardous waste can bring it under hazardous waste rules.

After a release, the generator must stop it, contain it, clean up, and repair or replace leaking containers before reuse.

Shipments need a transporter with an EPA identification number, with exceptions such as self-transport of no more than 55 gallons at a time to an approved collection center.

Frequently asked questions

What counts as used oil?

Under 40 CFR 279.1, used oil is any oil refined from crude oil, or any synthetic oil, that has been used and as a result is contaminated by physical or chemical impurities.

Do the Part 279 rules apply if the oil is sent for disposal instead of recycling?

EPA says the Part 279 standards apply until the oil is disposed of or sent for disposal. Hazardous used oil then follows RCRA Subtitle C; non-hazardous used oil is solid waste under Subtitle D.

Can states have stricter rules?

Yes. EPA notes that states may have more stringent requirements and advises checking with your state program.

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