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E-bike 25 vs 45 km/h: EU rules, speed pedelecs and derestricting

In the EU, an e-bike only counts as a bicycle within strict limits on power and assisted speed. This page explains those limits, the obligations of a 45 km/h speed pedelec and what L'Atelier's guides say about derestricting.

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Answers are written by a language model solely from this base's documents, with numbered sources. They can be wrong and aren't legal, medical or financial advice: check the sources before any important decision.

The three criteria of a legal e-bike in the EU

Across the European Union, an electrically assisted bike counts as a bicycle if assistance cuts off above 25 km/h, motor power is capped at 250 W nominal, and assistance only works when you pedal.

Within those limits there is no registration, no mandatory insurance (though it is recommended), no licence, and you can ride wherever a regular bike is allowed, including bike lanes. Helmet rules vary by country.

Speed pedelecs are mopeds

A speed pedelec with assistance up to 45 km/h is classified as an L1e-B moped in EU regulation. It requires registration, liability insurance, a licence plate, a left mirror, an approved helmet (ECE 22.05/06) and at least an AM moped licence.

Riding one on bike lanes is prohibited in most EU countries unless specifically signed. The guides see it as relevant mainly for long road commutes of 20 to 50 km.

Derestricting: what the guides say about France

Derestricting a 25 km/h e-bike is illegal in the EU: you void the warranty, your insurance will not cover you and you are liable in an accident. On a Bafang M620, any public road setting beyond 25 km/h makes the bike illegal.

In France, the guides cite a fine of up to 30,000 euros plus licence suspension (article R.317-8) and possible confiscation of the bike. Pushing the M620 up to 45 km/h is only presented as an option on a private track or outside the EU.

Frequently asked questions

Can I keep a fast profile on my Bafang M620 for private tracks?

The M620 guide recommends keeping a 25 km/h public road profile in programme 1 and a separate private track profile in programme 2, switchable from the DP-C18 display. It also advises saving the stock profile to a .ini file before any change.

Is the Bafang BBSHD legal on public roads?

No. According to the guides, the BBSHD is inherently above 250 W and therefore outside e-bike rules. The BBS02 can remain a legal e-bike if limited to 250 W nominal and a 25 km/h cut-off.

Does a speed pedelec qualify for the bike bonus in France?

No. The guides state that a speed pedelec is not eligible for the bike bonus, since it is a moped.

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